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UV flux distributions of γ Doradus stars
Context: It seems that the recently identified class of pulsating stars,the γ Dor type-variables, includes objects with different metalabundances and a large percentage of binaries. Aims: We looked forindicators of metal abundance peculiarities and stellar binarity in asample of 40 confirmed γ Dor stars. Methods: Absolute magnitudesfrom Hipparcos parallaxes and UV magnitudes, from the S2/S68 experimenton board the TD1 satellite, are retrieved from databases and comparedwith predicted values. A set of non variable normal stars is used tocheck the consistency of this analysis and also serve as referencestars. Results: Twenty-nine stars of the γ Dor star sample,which is 73% of it, are discovered having abnormal UV fluxes constantlyshowing UV flux excesses compared to those computed with the atmosphericparameters (Teff , log g, and metallicity) determined fromcalibration of the uvbyβ indices. The reason for this UV excess offlux at 196.5 nm and at 236.5 nm, which was previously known only for HD209295, cannot be ascribed to binarity alone. An extra source of UV fluxor less UV absorption - yet unknown - must be present.Tables 1-3 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/472/241
| The 78th Name-List of Variable Stars
We present the next regular Name-List of variable stars containinginformation on 1706 variable stars recently designated in the system ofthe General Catalogue of Variable Stars.
| Non-radial pulsations in the γ Doradus star HD 195068
We present high resolution spectroscopic observations of the γDoradus star HD 195068. About 230 spectra werecollected over 2 years. Time series analysis performed on radialvelocity data shows a main peak at 1.61 d-1 , a frequency notyet detected in photometry. The Hipparcos photometric 1.25d-1 frequency is easily recovered as is 1.30 d-1while the third photometric frequency, 0.97 d-1 , is onlymarginally present. The good quality of our data, which includes 196spectra collected over seven consecutive nights, shows that both the1.61 d-1 and intermediate 1.27 d-1 (mixture of1.25 and 1.30 d-1 ) frequencies are present in the lineprofile variations. Using the Fourier-Doppler Imaging (FDI) method, thevariability associated with 1.61 d-1 can be successfullymodeled by a non-radial pulsation mode ℓ=5± 1, |m|=4±1. For the intermediate frequency 1.27 d-1 we deduceℓ=4± 1, |m|=3± 1. Evidence that the star is notpulsating in the radial mode (ℓ=0) rules out a previousclassification as an RR Lyrae type star. We investigate the timevariability of FDI power spectra concluding that the observed temporalvariability of modes can be explained by a beating phenomenon betweenclosely spaced frequencies of two non-radial modes. The distribution ofthe oscillation power within the line profile indicates that there is asignificant tangential velocity component of oscillations characteristicof high radial order gravity modes which are predicted to be observed inγ Doradus type stars.
| The frequency ratio method and the new multiperiodic γ Doradus star HD 218427
Oscillations of γ Dor-type were discovered in the star HD 218427through simultaneous uvby photometric observations carried out in theyear 2003. A few Hβ-Crawford measurements were also collected forcalibration purposes and they locate this star well inside the γDor instability region. We find HD 218427 to be deficient in metals,similar to other well-defined γ Dor stars, and discuss thepossibility that it has a λ Boo nature. We carried out frequencyanalysis for different filters, including the combined "vby" filter, andfive frequencies were found as significant with periods ranging between0.3 and 0.8 days. The recently-developed frequency ratio method is usedin order to identify the excited modes. The results are consistent withan l=2 identification for all the modes and with high radial quantumnumbers (n40) for the three main observed periodicities. Thepossibility of multiplet structures is also discussed. However, noconsistency is found when using the time-dependent convection treatmentto discriminate modes. This disagreement can be due to the largerotation velocity taking place in HD 218427 and, consequently, thesignificant coupling between the modes.
| A spectroscopic study of southern (candidate) γ Doradus stars. I. Time series analysis
We present the results of a spectroscopic study of 37 southern(candidate) γ Doradus stars based on échelle spectra. Theobserved spectra were cross-correlated with the standard templatespectrum of an F0-type star for easier detection of binary and intrinsicvariations. We identified 15 objects as spectroscopic binaries,including 7 new ones, while another 3 objects are binary suspects. Atleast 12 objects show composite spectra. We could determine the orbitalparameters for 9 binaries, of which 4 turned out to be ellipsoidalvariables. For 6 binaries, we estimated the expected time-base of theorbital variations. Clear profile variations were observed for 17objects, pointing towards stellar pulsation. For 8 of them, we haveevidence that the main spectroscopic and photometric periods coincide.Our results, in combination with prior knowledge from the literature,lead to the classification of 10 objects as new bona fide γDoradus stars, 1 object as a new bona fide δ Scuti star, and 8objects as constant stars. Finally, we determined the projectedrotational velocity by two independent methods. The resulting v sin ivalues range from 3 to 135 {km s-1}. For the bona fideγ Doradus stars, the majority has v sin i below 60 {kms-1}.
| Fourier-Doppler imaging of non-radial pulsations in gamma Doradus stars .
This paper deals with a class of non-radial pulsators along the mainsequence, namely the gamma Doradus stars for which much effort iscurrently made in order to constrain their pulsation characteristics.However, because of their relatively low amplitude (few tens of mmag inphotometry) and due to the long time scales of the variation (between0.3 and 3 days), the detection and identification of their pulsations israther difficult, using the photometric data only. Consequently, thespectroscopic studies of the stars having well-known photometricproperties are very valuable and we study in detail the line profilevariability (LPV) in gamma Doradus candidates observed at Observatoirede Haute-Provence during a two-year high-resolution spectroscopycampaign. The non-radial behavior of selected stars is revealed with theadvent of Doppler Mapping and two-dimensional Fourier-Doppler Imagingmethods for line-profile analysis, which allowed us to detect andidentify the pulsation modes described below.
| Frequency ratio method for seismic modelling of γ Doradus stars. II. The role of rotation
The effect of rotation on the Frequency Ratio Method (Moya et al. 2005,A&A, 432, 189) is examined. Its applicability to observedfrequencies of rotating γ Doradus stars is discussed taking intoaccount the following aspects: the use of a perturbative approach tocompute adiabatic oscillation frequencies; the effect of rotation on theobservational Brunt-Väisälä integral determination andfinally, the problem of disentangling multiplet-like structures fromfrequency patterns due to the period spacing expected for high-ordergravity modes in asymptotic regime. This analysis reveals that the FRMproduces reliable results for objects with rotational velocities up to70 {km s-1}, for which the FRM intrinsic error increases oneorder of magnitude with respect to the typical FRM errors given in Moyaet al. (2005, A&A, 432, 189). Our computations suggest that, giventhe spherical degree ℓ identification, the FRM may be discriminatingfor m=0 modes, in the sense that the method avoids any misinterpretationinduced by the presence of rotationally split multiplet-like structures,which reinforces the robustness of the method. However, if ℓ isunknown, such discrimination is not ensured. In order to check the FRMin presence of slow-moderate rotation, we have applied it to the threeobserved frequencies of the slowly rotating ({v sin i}=29 {kms-1}) γ Doradus star HD 48501.
| Time-dependent convection seismic study of five γ Doradus stars
We apply for the first time the time-dependent convection (TDC)treatment of Gabriel and Grigahcène et al. to the photometricmode identification in γ Doradus (γ Dor) stars. We considerthe influence of this treatment on the theoretical amplitude ratios andphase differences. Comparison with the observed amplitudes and phases ofthe stars γ Dor, 9 Aurigae, HD 207223 = HR 8330, HD 12901 and48501 is presented and enables us to identify the degree l of thepulsation modes for four of them. We also determine the mode stabilityfor different models of these stars. We show that our TDC models agreebetter with observations than with frozen convection models. Finally, wecompare the results obtained with different values of the mixing-lengthparameter α.
| Frequency ratio method for seismic modeling of γ Doradus stars
A method for obtaining asteroseismological information of a γDoradus oscillating star showing at least three pulsation frequencies ispresented. This method is based on a first-order asymptotic g-modeexpression, in agreement with the internal structure of γ Doradusstars. The information obtained is twofold: 1) a possible identificationof the radial order n and degree ℓ of observed frequencies (assumingthat these have the same ℓ), and 2) an estimate of the integral ofthe buoyancy frequency (Brunt-Väisälä) weighted over thestellar radius along the radiative zone. The accuracy of the method aswell as its theoretical consistency are also discussed for a typicalγ Doradus stellar model. Finally, the frequency ratios method hasbeen tested with observed frequencies of the γ Doradus star HD12901. The number of representative models verifying the complete set ofconstraints (the location in the HR diagram, theBrunt-Väisälä frequency integral, the observedmetallicity and frequencies and a reliable identification of n andℓ) is drastically reduced to six.
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Multi-site, multi-technique survey of γ Doradus candidates. I. Spectroscopic results for 59 stars
We present the first results of a 2-year high-resolution spectroscopycampaign of 59 candidate γ Doradus stars which were mainlydiscovered from the HIPPARCOS astrometric mission. More than 60% of thestars present line profile variations which can be interpreted as due topulsation related to γ Doradus stars. For all stars we alsoderived the projected rotation velocity (up to more than 200 kms-1). The amplitude ratios 2K/Δ m for the mainHIPPARCOS frequency are in the range 35-96 kms-1,mag-1. About 50% of the candidates arepossible members of binary systems, with 20 stars being confirmedγ Doradus. At least 6 stars present composite spectra, and in allbut one case (for which only one spectrum could be obtained), the narrowcomponent shows line profile variations, pointing towards anuncomfortable situation if this narrow component originates from a shellsurrounding the star. This paper is the first of a series concerningmode identification using both photometric and spectroscopic methods forthe confirmed γ Doradus stars of the present sample.Partially based on observations obtained at the Observatoire deHaute-Provence.
| Long-term multicolour photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of the two γ Doradus stars HD 12901 and HD 48501
We gathered long-term multicolour GenevaUB1BB2V1VG photometric andhigh-resolution (R=40 000) spectroscopic data of the two γ Doradusstars HD 12901 and HD 48501. The photometry reveals three frequenciesfor each of the two stars: f1=1.21563 c d-1,f2=1.39594 c d-1 and f3=2.18636 cd-1 for HD 12901 and f1=1.09408 c d-1,f2=1.29054 c d-1 and f3=1.19924 cd-1 for HD 48501. The photometric amplitude is each timelargest in the Geneva B1 filter and the variations in all thedifferent filters are perfectly in phase within the measurement errors.Mode identification points out that the six modes are all ℓ=1 modesand that the non-adiabatic temperature variations are extremely small,in contradiction to current theoretical predictions. Our spectra showthat all the observed frequencies are intrinsic to the stars and cannotbe due to binarity. We detect clear line-profile variations at lowamplitude (<1 km s-1) due to the oscillations of bothtargets. The estimated v sin i from the spectra are 53 kms-1 for HD 12901 and 29 km s-1 for HD 48501.It is at present unclear if the triplet-like structure for HD 48501 isthe consequence of rotational splitting or of the large separationexpected for high-order gravity modes in the asymptotic regime.Based on observations gathered with the Swiss 0.7 m telescope equippedwith the photometer P 7 and with the Swiss 1.2 m Euler telescopeequipped with the spectrograph CORALIE, both situated at La Silla,Chile. Reduced data available upon request from the first author.
| A Dozen New γ Doradus Stars
We use new high-dispersion spectroscopic and precise photometricobservations to identify 12 new γ Doradus stars. Two of the 12systems are double-lined binaries that show obvious velocityvariability. Five other stars have metallic lines with compositeprofiles characterized by a narrow feature near the center of each broadcomponent. Spectrograms of the Hα line indicate that all fivestars are binaries rather than shell stars. The remaining five stars inour sample are probably single. All 12 stars are photometricallyvariable with amplitudes between 6 and 87 mmag in Johnson B and periodsbetween 0.3 and 1.2 days. Four stars are monoperiodic; the rest havebetween two and five independent periods. The variability at all periodsapproximates a sinusoid. Although many of the stars lie within theδ Scuti instability strip, none exhibit the higher frequencyvariability seen in δ Scuti stars. We have increased the sample ofknown γ Doradus stars by 40% and revised the positions of a numberof variables in the H-R diagram by accounting for duplicity. Our list of42 confirmed γ Doradus variables gives some of their properties.All are dwarfs or subgiants and lie within a well-defined region of theH-R diagram that overlaps the cool edge of the δ Scuti instabilitystrip. We compare the observed location of the γ Doradus variableswith a recently published theoretical γ Doradus instability stripand find good agreement.
| A Theoretical γ Doradus Instability Strip
In this paper, we present the first theoretical γ Doradusinstability strip. We find that our model instability strip agrees verywell with the previously established, observationally based, instabilitystrip of Handler & Shobbrook. We stress, as do Guzik et al., thatthe convection zone depth plays the major role in the determination ofour instability strip. Once this depth becomes too deep or too shallow,the convection zone no longer allows for pulsational instability. Ourtheoretical γ Dor instability strip is bounded by ~6850 and 7360 Kat the red and blue edge, respectively, on the zero-age main sequenceand by ~6560 and 7000 K at the red and blue edge, respectively,approximately 2 mag more luminous. This theoretical strip, transformedto the observer's color-magnitude diagram, overlays the region wheremost of the 30 bona fide γ Dor stars are found.
| Six New γ Doradus Stars
We present high-resolution spectroscopy and precision photometry of sixnew γ Doradus stars, one of which was independently discovered byanother group. This brings the total number of confirmed γ Doradusvariables to 30. All six of these variables fall in the spectral classrange F0-F2 all but one are subgiants. The six stars have between oneand five photometric periods in the range 0.3-1.2 days. We find noevidence for higher frequency δ Scuti pulsations in any of thesesix stars. Our spectroscopic observations reveal HD 108100 to be thefirst confirmed γ Doradus variable with composite broad and narrowline profiles suggesting the presence of a circumstellar shell or disk.HD 221866 has the most asymmetric absorption lines of the six stars inthis paper and also the largest photometric amplitude. Most of the 30confirmed γ Doradus variables lie in a fairly tight region of theH-R diagram on or just above the main sequence that partially overlapsthe cool edge of the δ Scuti instability strip. However, threestars, including two of the new variables in this paper, are subgiantsthat lie well within the δ Scuti strip. Among the 30 confirmedγ Doradus variables, we find no correlation between thephotometric periods and intrinsic color, absolute magnitude, orluminosity.
| On the relationship between the δ Scuti and γ Doradus pulsators
We searched for δ Scuti-type pulsations amongst known andcandidate γ Doradus stars. The motivations for such a project comefrom the need to understand the relationship of these two classes ofpulsator better, from the present poor knowledge of the hot border ofthe γ Doradus phenomenon, and from the exciting prospects forasteroseismology should stars be found which have both types ofpulsation excited. We acquired 270h of observations and monitored atotal of 26 stars. One target, HD 209295, turned out to be a member ofboth classes of pulsating star, but this object is peculiar in the sensethat it is a close binary. We classify six of our targets as new bonafide γ Doradus stars, whereas nine more are good γ Doraduscandidates, and three turned out to be ellipsoidal variables. One of ourprogramme stars was found to be a δ Scuti star, with no additionalγ Doradus variations. Furthermore, one star was already known tobe a bona fide γ Doradus star, and we could not find anunambiguous explanation for the variability of five more stars. Theanalysis of our data together with improved knowledge of stars from theliterature enabled us to revise the blue border of the γ Doradusphenomenon towards cooler temperatures. This new blue edge is muchbetter defined than the previous one and extends from a temperature ofabout 7550K on the ZAMS to 7400K one magnitude above it. Five bona fideγ Doradus stars we observed are located inside the δ Scutiinstability strip, but none of them exhibited observable δ Scutipulsations. We therefore suggest that γ Doradus stars are lesslikely to be δ Scuti pulsators compared with other normal stars inthe same region of the lower instability strip. In addition, we showthat there is a clear separation between the pulsation constants Q ofδ Scuti and γ Doradus stars. The γ Doradus stars knownto date all have Q>0.23d.
| Speckle Interferometry of New and Problem Hipparcos Binaries. II. Observations Obtained in 1998-1999 from McDonald Observatory
The Hipparcos satellite made measurements of over 9734 known doublestars, 3406 new double stars, and 11,687 unresolved but possible doublestars. The high angular resolution afforded by speckle interferometrymakes it an efficient means to confirm these systems from the ground,which were first discovered from space. Because of its coverage of adifferent region of angular separation-magnitude difference(ρ-Δm) space, speckle interferometry also holds promise toascertain the duplicity of the unresolved Hipparcos ``problem'' stars.Presented are observations of 116 new Hipparcos double stars and 469Hipparcos ``problem stars,'' as well as 238 measures of other doublestars and 246 other high-quality nondetections. Included in these areobservations of double stars listed in the Tycho-2 Catalogue andpossible grid stars for the Space Interferometry Mission.
| A search for new gamma Doradus stars in the Geneva photometric database
We present a study of selected potential gamma Doradus stars observed inthe Geneva photometric system. Eleven stars were monitored at leastduring the last year of functioning of the 70 cm Swiss telescope at LaSilla, leading to about one thousand photometric measurements andpermitting a detailed analysis of these stars. After the analysis, fivestars are thought to be constant stars. We report three new gamma Dorstars. A spectroscopic campaign has been started at La Silla with thenew 1m20 Swiss telescope, equipped with the spectrograph CORALIE, ofwhich we show the results for the selected stars.
| New uvbybeta photometry of stars of ``astrophysical interest''
Not Available
| The domain of γ Doradus variables in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
70 new γ Doradus candidates were identified from Hipparcosphotometry, which represents more than a doubling of the presently knownnumber. Selecting the objects with good evidence for multiperiodicity,it is found that these stars, together with bona fide members of theclass, occupy a well-defined region in a colour-magnitude diagram. Thisdomain corresponds to a range of 7200-7700K on the zero-age mainsequence (ZAMS) and 6900-7500K one magnitude above it, which partlyoverlaps with the instability strip of δ Scuti stars. For thefirst time, γ Doradus stars can be discussed as a group. They canbe found over a significant fraction of the main sequence lifetimes forobjects in the relevant temperature range. An upper limit on the surfacemetallicity of γ Doradus stars is apparent, which may guide thesearch for their pulsation driving mechanism. The importance of possibleobjects exhibiting both γ Doradus and δ Scuti-typepulsations is discussed.
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| The extension of the MK spectral classification system to the intermediate population II F type stars
A grid of metal-weak spectral-classification standards is used tosystematically extend the MK spectral-classification system to F-typestars of the intermediate population II. The present method allowsmetal-weak program stars to be compared with standards of similarmetallicity and effective temperature. The results demonstrate that theintermediate population II is very homogeneous. Excellent agreement isobtained between the classifications of the present extended system anduvby-beta photometric results.
| Hyades and Sirius supercluster members brighter than magnitude(V) 7.1. I - The first six hours of right ascension
This is the first of four papers listing the probable members of theHyades and Sirius superclusters among stars brighter than V = 7.1 mag.The star sample is contained in the Bright Star Catalogue and itsSupplement, augmented with a further supplement of 550 stars foundduring various observing programs over the past 40 years. Accurate,four-color and H-beta, or (RI), photometry is available for most of thesupercluster members. The criteria for membership are the comparisons ofthe proper motion, radial velocity, and luminosity obtained from thesupercluster parameters with the observed motions and the luminosityderived from the photometric parameters. New proper motions, based onall available catalogs, have been derived for the additional 550 starsdiscussed here, as well as for all supercluster members.
| Estimation of spectral classifications for bright southern stars with interesting Stromgren indices
This paper investigates the degree of success with which uvby photometrycan be applied to predict spectral classifications for 947 A, F, and Gstars brighter than an apparent magnitude of 8.3 and with four-colorindices indicating some kind of interesting, unusual, or peculiarspectrum. One or several possible spectral classifications are estimatedfor each star from photometry alone, double stars are distinguished, andthe estimates are compared with published classifications. The resultsshow that the framework provided by uvby photometry can be extended toinclude most G and K stars, reddened stars, peculiar stars, and certaintypes of double star.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Cetus |
| Right ascension: | 02h06m10.73s |
| Declination: | -10°16'34.4" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 6.739 |
| Distance: | 75.643 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 47.7 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -27.7 |
| B-T magnitude: | 7.097 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.769 |
Catalogs and designations:
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